From A Rocky Road to Smooth Sailing : Building Transport Resilience to Natural Disasters

Rozenberg, Julie ; Espinet Alegre, Xavier ; Avner, Paolo ; Fox, Charles ; Hallegatte, Stephane ; Koks, Elco ; Rentschler, Jun ; Tariverdi, Mersedeh

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: TRANSPORT NETWORK;    NATURAL DISASTER;    DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT;    ROADS;    RAILWAYS;   

RP-ID  :  137914

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Reliable transport infrastructure is oneof the backbones of a prosperous economy, providingaccess tomarkets, jobs and social services. Sustainable DevelopmentGoal 9 (SDG9) calls forincreased access to sustainabletransport infrastructure in low- and middle-incomecountries.Collectively, these countries will need to spendbetween 0.5 percent and 3.3 percent of their GDPannually(157 billion to 1 trillion US Dollars) in new transportinfrastructure by 2030 – plus an additional 1 percent to 2percent of GDP to maintain their network – depending ontheir ambition and their efficiency in service delivery(Rozenberg and Fay, 2019). Because of the wide spatialdistribution of transport infrastructure, many transportassets are exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards,increasing costs for national transport agencies andoperators. During the 2015 floods in Tbilisi, Georgia, therepair of transport assets contributed approximately 60percent of the total damage cost (GFDRR, 2015). In the 1995earthquake in Kobe, Japan, accessibility as measured by thelength of open networks directly after the shock dropped by86 percent for highways and by 71 percent for railways(Kazama and Noda, 2012b). Such transport disruptionsnecessarily have direct impacts on the local economy.Employees face difficulties commuting, access to firms isdisrupted for clients, interruptions in the supply chaininhibit production, and finished products cannot be easilyshipped (Kajitani and Tatano, 2014). The paper, prepared asbackground material for the Lifelines report oninfrastructure resilience, summarizes the main findings onthe risk faced by transport networks and users as a resultof natural disasters and climate change, and the mainrecommendations for building more resilient transportnetworks. It starts by describing how transport disruptionsaffect firms and households either directly and throughsupply chains. It then proposes a range of approaches andsolutions for building more resilient transport networks,showing that the additional cost of resilience is not highif resources are well spent. Finally, it provides a set ofpractical recommendations.