Tunisia today represents a paradox:despite political progress since its 2011 revolution, wideeconomic and social disparities persist, threateningstability. While Tunisia has several social protection andlabor programs in place, its ability to respond toincreasing social needs is compromised by inefficiency,fragmentation, and inequity. The objective of this note isto evaluate the effectiveness of Tunisia’s main socialprotection and labor programs and identify options forreform through a systems-based approach. The noteaccompanies the Tunisia systematic country diagnostic (2015)with evidence on the efficiency and equity of key socialprotection and labor programs. Importantly, this notecontributes new analysis on how to bolster Tunisia’s socialprotection and labor programs by focusing on three mainareas of systems building: (i) financing and sustainability,(ii) institutions and governance, and (iii) servicedelivery. The note argues that without significantlyimproving institutional coordination on financing anddelivery, Tunisia’s social protection and labor system willbe ill equipped to strengthen economic and social inclusion.