Secondary Vocational Education : International Experience

World Bank Group

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: SKILLS;    EDUCATION MINISTRIES;    EDUCATIONAL REFORMS;    VOCATIONAL COURSES;    BASIC EDUCATION;   

RP-ID  :  103893

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

According to UNESCO, roughly 120countries provide some form of technical or vocationalsecondary education, as distinct from a purely generalistcurriculum. An overview of each administration’s secondaryvocational education provision is given below undersub-headings suggested by the Terms of Reference (ToR) forthis study. The information was gathered through a review ofavailable literature. This varied from administration toadministration both in terms of its coverage and of itsquality. As a result, the information on each administrationis somewhat diverse. This is particularly the case forobjective evaluations of administrations’ systems.Thereport ends by posing nine questions for the Government ofIndia to consider when planning the introduction ofvocational education to secondary schools: (i) what is theplace of school-based vocational education within India’sNational Skills Qualification Framework? (ii) how muchchoice should be left to school students to decide on thebalance of general and vocational education in theirlearning programme? (iii) what proportion of the vocationaleducation curriculum should be devoted to general education?(iv) how can sufficient numbers of teachers of good qualitybe found to teach growing number of vocational students? (v)how beneficial is objective careers guidance for schoolpupils? (vi) what is the role or purpose of work experiencefor school pupils? (vii) what contribution to vocationaleducation can be expected from employers if the labourmarket is largely informal with a small manufacturingsector? (viii) what form should assessment take, how wouldit be carried out and is there a relationship between it andgeneral education? (ix) how can responsibility forvocational secondary education be allocated within a federalsystem of government? Finally, what should be clear fromthis study is that administrations develop policies andpractices based on their history, their economic andgeographic context and their vision, and that these policieswill therefore vary between administrations.