Over the last decade Rwanda hasdeveloped an exemplary identification ecosystem and hasaccumulated practical knowledge and experience that deserveto be shared with other African nations who may find ituseful and inspiring as they attempt to build their ownidentification schemes. While the report is based onin-country research and interviews with identitystakeholders, conducted by the author in support of anofficial development program in early 2015, it is anindependent outcome. It is issued by ID4Africa in the spiritof documenting and promoting knowledge transfer of goodpractices among African nations. It did not seek officialapproval or endorsement from any government or developmentagency. The author remains responsible for the opinionsexpressed herein, and for any inaccuracies or omissions thatmay have slipped through, for which apologies are presentedin advance. This report is organized as follows: Section 1gives the essential guide to identity ecosystems and whatmatters in identity. Section 2 provides a holistic overviewof what exists in Rwanda and how the elements relate to oneanother. Sections 3, 4, and 5 provide a detailed descriptionof the foundational identity registers and schemes, such asthe civil register and the National population register, theNational identity (NID) card, and the Ubudehe socialregister. Section 6 provides lessons learned forconsideration aimed at other African identity authoritiesdesirous of building or reinforcing their legal identityecosystems. Finally, the Annex gives, for reference, asummary of the legal framework governing the identityecosystem in Rwanda.
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