This report evaluates the use of ruralelectrification concessions in Africa. It providesacomprehensive overview of successful and failed cases andidentifies the likely factors behindsuccesses. The researchwas conducted in three stages. First, a detailed desk reviewof rural electric concessions in Africa was undertaken tounderstand the landscape of concessions. Next, six in-depth,field-based country case studies were prepared. Finally, alimited desk review of the experiences with concessions andconcession-like structures in both Asia and Latin Americawas carried out in order to provide a point of comparisonfor the African experience.