This report seeks to inform thedevelopment of a framework for addressing governance reformin fragile and conflict affected environments through areview of international experiences. The report analyzes theexperience both of countries that sustained a transition topeace and those that fell back into conflict. Pertinentlessons will be drawn selectively from a range of fragileand conflict affected countries, including Haiti, Cambodia,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mozambique, Liberia, Timor-Leste,Afghanistan, Rwanda, Indonesia, Sierra Leone, and Angola. Nospecific typologies have been adopted or formed in order toassess these lessons, because typologies can be limiting andexperiences can be better assessed based on the specificityof each country's context. The first section of thereport sets out broadly accepted definitions of key termssuch as governance, state building, and fragility. Thesecond section reviews experiences with diverse governancedimensions and explores the objectives, opportunities, andconstraints associated with each.