The objective of the CountryEnvironmental Analysis (CEA) is to assess the adequacy andperformance of the policy, legal, and institutionalframework for environmental management in Ukraine, in lightof the decentralization process of environmental governanceand wider reform objectives, and to provide recommendationsto government to address the key gaps identified. Ukraine isthe second largest country in Europe and has a population of43 million, the majority of whom live in urban areas. It isa lower middle income country, with the services, industryand agriculture sectors being main contributors to thecountry’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ukraine faces anumber of environmental challenges, as identified in itsNational Environmental Strategy 2020 (NES). Key among theseare: air pollution; quality of water resources and landdegradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss;human health issues associated with environmental riskfactors; in addition to climate change. The scope ofUkrainian environmental legislation is quite broad andcomprehensive (more than 300 legal acts) and covers mostareas of environmental protection and natural resourcesmanagement. However, the environmental legislation faces anumber of weaknesses:The environmental legislation islargely declaratory in nature and does not have all theessential enforcement mechanisms for the implementation oflegal acts and international agreements; Many of the actsare not coordinated with each other; and Legislationundergoes limited analysis of its impact—for example, noin-depth analysis such as Regulatory Impact Analysis isconducted for proposed pieces of legislation.
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