Government accountability has become aglobal moral imperative. Governments over the world aim tocontinuously improve public service delivery, transparency,and accountability to respond to citizens’ needs. Cambodiabecame a lower-middle-income country (LMIC) in 2015 and thetask of delivering public services continues to become morecomplex, highlighting the need for public administrationreform (PAR). The Royal Government of Cambodia recognizes alink between the quality of governing institutions andeconomic growth and places reform of governance institutionsat the core of its rectangular strategy phase fourth(2018-2023). The strategy aims for higher levels of incomeand standards of living, which can lead to transformativechanges such as the emergence of a middle class, increasedurbanization, and greater integration with the outsideworld. The policy note adopts the government productionfunction model as a way to understand the government’scapability in converting policies to outcomes, which in turninvolves two interrelated drivers: quality of bureaucracyand the efficiency of frontline activities in servicedelivery, infrastructure provision, and revenue collection.Also included are the experiences of relevant countries aswell as conceptual models and ideas that can be useful tosuggest reference points for further reforms. It makesrecommendations across five core areas to deepen publicadministration reform: strengthening the quality andeffectiveness of public service delivery; optimizingorganizational structures; improving management anddevelopment of contemporary approaches to human resources;reforming pay and allowances; and improving data needed forimproved decision making.
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