In mature health systems, emerginghealth innovations require an adaptive and robust regulatoryregime, alongside accreditation standards that are useful toconsumers, to scale effectively. New health care modalities,including mobile apps and telehealth, can help countriesexpand high-quality patient-centered care while respondingto demographic changes. However, despite the potentialusefulness of these innovative tools, most remain outsidethe scope of regulatory bodies, are not subject to qualityor safety standards, and vary widely in their compliancewith best practice. Inappropriate or misaligned regulatoryregimes can also create unnecessary constraints to bothcost-effective provision options such as telehealth, andalso labor force mobility across sub-national and national borders.