Suspect screening and quantification of trace organic explosives in wastewater using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:329

Article

Rapp-Wright, Helena¹  McEneff, Gillian¹  Murphy, Bronagh¹  Gamble, Sally²  Morgan, Ruth²  Beardah, Matthew³  Barron, Leon¹ 

[1] Kings Coll London, Analyt & Environm Sci Div, Franklin Wilkins Bldg,150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH, England

[2] UCL Dept Secur & Crime Sci, 35 Tavistock Sq, London WC1H 9EZ, England

[3] Dstl Ft Halstead, Forens Explos Lab, Sevenoaks TN14 7BP, Kent, England

关键词: Sample preparation;    Micro-pollutants;    Sewage epidemiology;    Energetic materials;    2,4-dinitrotoluene;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.008

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The first comprehensive assessment of 34 solid phase extraction sorbents is presented for organic explosive residues in wastewater prior to analysis with liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). A total of 18 explosives were selected including nitramines, nitrate esters, nitroaromatics and organic peroxides. Three polymeric divinylbenzene-based sorbents were found to be most suitable and one co-polymerised with n-vinyl pyrrolidone offered satisfactory recoveries for 14 compounds in fortified wastewater (77-124%). Limits of detection in matrix ranged from 0.026-23 mu g L-1 with R-2 >= 0.98 for most compounds. The method was applied to eight 24-h composite wastewater samples from a London wastewater works and one compounds 2,4-dinitrotoluene, was determined over five days between 332 and 468 g day(-1) (225-303 ng L-1). To further exploit the suspect screening capability, 17 additional explosives, precursors and transformation products were screened in spiked wastewater samples. Of these, 14 were detected with recoveries from 62 to 92%, highlighting the broad applicability of the method. To our knowledge, this represents the first screen of explosives-related compounds in wastewater from a major European city. This method also allows post-analysis detection of new or emerging compounds using full-scan HRMS datasets to potentially identify and locate illegal manufacture of explosives via wastewater analysis. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license

【 授权许可】

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