Advanced paternal and grandpaternal age and schizophrenia: A three-generation perspective

SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH

卷:133

Article

Frans, Emma M.¹  McGrath, John J.^2,3,4  Sandin, Sven¹  Lichtenstein, Paul¹  Reichenberg, Abraham^5,6  Langstrom, Niklas^1,7  Hultman, Christina M.¹ 

[1] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden

[2] Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Richlands, Australia

[3] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, St Lucia, Qld, Australia

[4] Univ Queensland, Dept Psychiat, St Lucia, Qld, Australia

[5] Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Psychosis Studies, London WC2R 2LS, England

[6] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA

[7] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Violence Prevent, Stockholm, Sweden

关键词: Schizophrenia;    Paternal age;    Grandparental age;    Mutation;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.027

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Background: Advanced paternal age has been linked with an increased risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. If age-related de novo mutations in the male germ line underlie this association, grandpaternal and paternal age would both be expected to influence the risk of schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to explore the links between both paternal and grandpaternal age with respect to the risk of schizophrenia in a large, national register-based cohort. Method: We linked the Swedish Multi-Generation and Hospital Discharge Registers and compared parents' ages at offspring birth for 20,582 schizophrenia-affected and 100,176 non-affected individuals. Grandparents' ages at the birth of the parent were compared between 2511 affected and 15,619 non-affected individuals. The risk of schizophrenia was examined with logistic regression when the predictor variable (parent or grandparent age) varied across age strata. Results: After adjusting for maternal age, birth year and proband sex, we confirmed that offspring of older fathers had an increased risk of schizophrenia. Compared to those with paternal age 20-24 years, those with fathers >55 years had a two-fold increased risk of schizophrenia. With respect to grandparent age, older maternal (but not paternal) grandfather age was associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. Compared to maternal grandfather age 20-24 years, those with maternal grandfathers >55 years had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals; 2.79, 1.71-4.56). The pattern of results was essentially unchanged when we examined male and female probands separately. Conclusion: This is the first study to report an association between grandpaternal age and risk of schizophrenia. The selective effect of advanced maternal grandfather age suggests that the biological mechanisms involving the X-chromosome may differentially contribute to the association between paternal age and offspring risk of schizophrenia. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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