Environmental footprints of Mediterranean versus Western dietary patterns: beyond the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet

Environmental Health

Research

Lluis Serra-Majem¹  Biel Obrador²  Sara Sáez-Almendros³  Anna Bach-Faig⁴ 

[1]Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luis Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain

[2]Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain

[3]Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

[4]Department of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Roc Boronat, 117, 08018, Barcelona, Spain

[5]Mediterranean Diet Foundation, c/Johann Sebastian Bach 28, 08021, Barcelona, Spain

关键词: Mediterranean diet;    Environmental footprints;    Western pattern;    Sustainable diets;    Spain;    Sustainability;    Environment;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1476-069X-12-118

 received in 2013-06-28, accepted in 2013-12-19,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundDietary patterns can substantially vary the resource consumption and environmental impact of a given population. Dietary changes such as the increased consumption of vegetables and reduced consumption of animal products reduce the environmental footprint and thus the use of natural resources. The adherence of a given population to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MDP) through the consumption of the food proportions and composition defined in the new Mediterranean Diet pyramid can thus not only influence human health but also the environment. The aim of the study was to analyze the sustainability of the MDP in the context of the Spanish population in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural land use, energy consumption and water consumption. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the current Spanish diet with the Mediterranean Diet and in comparison with the western dietary pattern, exemplified by the U.S.A. food pattern, in terms of their corresponding environmental footprints.MethodsThe environmental footprints of the dietary patterns studied were calculated from the dietary make-up of each dietary pattern, and specific environmental footprints of each food group. The dietary compositions were obtained from different sources, including food balance sheets and household consumption surveys. The specific environmental footprints of food groups were obtained from different available life-cycle assessments.ResultsThe adherence of the Spanish population to the MDP has a marked impact on all the environmental footprints studied. Increasing adherence to the MDP pattern in Spain will reduce greenhouse gas emissions (72%), land use (58%) and energy consumption (52%), and to a lower extent water consumption (33%). On the other hand, the adherence to a western dietary pattern implies an increase in all these descriptors of between 12% and 72%.ConclusionsThe MDP is presented as not only a cultural model but also as a healthy and environmentally-friendly model, adherence to which, in Spain would have, a significant contribution to increasing the sustainability of food production and consumption systems in addition to the well-known benefits on public health.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Sáez-Almendros et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.