Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and adherence to Mediterranean diet in an adult population: the Mediterranean diet index as a pollution level index

Environmental Health

Research

Maria Pascual¹  Vicente Martín-Sánchez²  María Rubín²  Laura Álvarez²  Antonio José Signes-Pastor³  Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez⁴  Jessica Vaquero-Luna⁴  Leire Goicolea-Güemez⁴  Jordi Salas-Salvadó⁵  Nancy Babio⁵  Stephanie Nishi⁶  J. Alfredo Martínez⁷  José Lapetra⁸  José Manuel Santos-Lozano⁸  Ramon Estruch⁹  Sara Castro-Barquero⁹  Julia Wärnberg^1,10  Itziar Abete^1,11  Maria Angeles Zulet^1,11  Zenaida Vázquez^1,12  Maira Bes-Rastrollo^1,12  Miguel Ángel Martínez-González^1,13  Patricia Guillem-Saiz^1,14  Dolores Corella^1,14  Enrique Gómez-Gracia^1,15  Antoni Colom^1,16  Dora Romaguera^1,16  Lluís Serra-Majem^1,17  Emilio Ros^1,18  José Lopez-Miranda^1,19  Antonio García-Ríos^1,19  Xavier Pintó^2,20  Josep A. Tur^2,21  David Mateos^2,21  Cristina Bouzas^2,21  Silvia García^2,21  Olga Castañer^2,22  Ramon Ciurana^2,22  Robert Cabanes^2,22  Albert Goday^2,23  Francisco J. Tinahones^2,24  Jose C. Fernández-García^2,24  Pilar Matía^2,25  Clotilde Vázquez^2,26  Josep Vidal^2,27  F. Javier Basterra-Gortari^2,28  José V. Sorlí^2,29  José J. Gaforio^3,30  Blanca Riquelme-Gallego^3,31  Jesús Vioque^3,32  Lidia Daimiel^3,33  Rosario Pastor^3,34 

[1]Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain

[2]CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[3]Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, Leon, Spain

[4]CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[5]Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03550, Alicante, Spain

[6]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[7]Bioaraba Health Research Institute

[8] Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital

[9] University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

[10]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[11]Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain

[12]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[13]Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Human Nutrition Unit, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43201, Reus, Spain

[14]Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada

[15]Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

[16]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[17]Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain

[18]Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

[19]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[20]Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain

[21]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[22]Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

[23]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[24]Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-IBIMA, 29071, Málaga, Spain

[25]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[26]Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

[27]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[28]Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

[29]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[30]Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

[31]Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA

[32]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[33]Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100, Valencia, Spain

[34]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[35]Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, and Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010, Málaga, Spain

[36]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[37]Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

[38]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[39]Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Las Palmas, Spain

[40]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[41]Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

[42]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[43]Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

[44]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[45]Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain

[46]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[47]Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

[48]Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

[49]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[50]Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain

[51]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[52]Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain

[53]Department of Medicine, University Autonomous of Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

[54]CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain

[55]Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain

[56]Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain

[57]Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain

[58]Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

[59]Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

[60]Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Osasunbidea, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

[61]Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100, Valencia, Spain

[62]Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain

[63]Department of Health Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, 23071, Jaen, Spain

[64]Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain

[65]Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain

[66]Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain

[67]Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03550, Alicante, Spain

[68]Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program.IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain

[69]Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

[70]Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain

关键词: Greenhouse gas emissions;    Mediterranean diet;    Carbon dioxide;    Sustainability;    Sustainable diets;    Environment;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12940-022-00956-7

 received in 2022-03-15, accepted in 2022-12-29,  发布年份 2022

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundResearch related to sustainable diets is is highly relevant to provide better understanding of the impact of dietary intake on the health and the environment.AimTo assess the association between the adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and the amount of CO2 emitted in an older adult population.Design and populationUsing a cross-sectional design, the association between the adherence to an energy-reduced Mediterranean Diet (erMedDiet) score and dietary CO2 emissions in 6646 participants was assessed.MethodsFood intake and adherence to the erMedDiet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaire and 17-item Mediterranean questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics were documented. Environmental impact was calculated through greenhouse gas emissions estimations, specifically CO2 emissions of each participant diet per day, using a European database. Participants were distributed in quartiles according to their estimated CO2 emissions expressed in kg/day: Q1 (≤2.01 kg CO2), Q2 (2.02-2.34 kg CO2), Q3 (2.35-2.79 kg CO2) and Q4 (≥2.80 kg CO2).ResultsMore men than women induced higher dietary levels of CO2 emissions. Participants reporting higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole cereals, preferring white meat, and having less consumption of red meat were mostly emitting less kg of CO2 through diet. Participants with higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet showed lower odds for dietary CO2 emissions: Q2 (OR 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-1.00), Q3 (OR 0.69; 95%CI: 0.69-0.79) and Q4 (OR 0.48; 95%CI: 0.42-0.55) vs Q1 (reference).ConclusionsThe Mediterranean diet can be environmentally protective since the higher the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the lower total dietary CO2 emissions. Mediterranean Diet index may be used as a pollution level index.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

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