Hydroxybenzoic acid isomers and the cardiovascular system

Nutrition Journal

Review

Haya J Azouz¹  Alaa MZ Aldalati¹  Basmah MH AlTinawi¹  Paul Ganguly²  Bernhard HJ Juurlink³ 

[1] Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;College of Medicine, Alfaisal University and Adjunct Scientist, King Faisal Specialized Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;

关键词: Antioxidant enzymes;    Atherosclerosis;    Dyslipidemia;    Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors;    Hypertension;    Inflammation;    Lipolysis;    Nrf2;    Phytochemicals;    Oxidative stress;    Dihydroxybenzoic acid;    Cardiovascular diseases;    Food products;    Pharmacologically-active compounds;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-13-63

 received in 2014-02-20, accepted in 2014-06-12,  发布年份 2014

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Today we are beginning to understand how phytochemicals can influence metabolism, cellular signaling and gene expression. The hydroxybenzoic acids are related to salicylic acid and salicin, the first compounds isolated that have a pharmacological activity. In this review we examine how a number of hydroxyphenolics have the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular problems related to aging such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. The compounds focused upon include 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Pyrocatechuic acid), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Gentisic acid), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (α-Resorcylic acid) and 3-monohydroxybenzoic acid. The latter two compounds activate the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors with a consequence there is a reduction in adipocyte lipolysis with potential improvements of blood lipid profiles. Several of the other compounds can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway that increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing oxidative stress and associated problems such as endothelial dysfunction that leads to hypertension as well as decreasing generalized inflammation that can lead to problems such as atherosclerosis. It has been known for many years that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables promotes health. We are beginning to understand how specific phytochemicals are responsible for such therapeutic effects. Hippocrates’ dictum of ‘Let food be your medicine and medicine your food’ can now be experimentally tested and the results of such experiments will enhance the ability of nutritionists to devise specific health-promoting diets.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Juurlink et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.