Hydroxybenzoic acid isomers and the cardiovascular system

Nutrition Journal

Paul Ganguly¹  Basmah MH AlTinawi³  Alaa MZ Aldalati³  Haya J Azouz³  Bernhard HJ Juurlink² 

[1] College of Medicine, Alfaisal University and Adjunct Scientist, King Faisal Specialized Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

关键词: Pharmacologically-active compounds;    Food products;    Cardiovascular diseases;    Dihydroxybenzoic acid;    Oxidative stress;    Phytochemicals;    Nrf2;    Lipolysis;    Inflammation;    Hypertension;    Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors;    Dyslipidemia;    Atherosclerosis;    Antioxidant enzymes;   

Others  :  801041
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-13-63

 received in 2014-02-20, accepted in 2014-06-12,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Today we are beginning to understand how phytochemicals can influence metabolism, cellular signaling and gene expression. The hydroxybenzoic acids are related to salicylic acid and salicin, the first compounds isolated that have a pharmacological activity. In this review we examine how a number of hydroxyphenolics have the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular problems related to aging such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. The compounds focused upon include 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Pyrocatechuic acid), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Gentisic acid), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (α-Resorcylic acid) and 3-monohydroxybenzoic acid. The latter two compounds activate the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors with a consequence there is a reduction in adipocyte lipolysis with potential improvements of blood lipid profiles. Several of the other compounds can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway that increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing oxidative stress and associated problems such as endothelial dysfunction that leads to hypertension as well as decreasing generalized inflammation that can lead to problems such as atherosclerosis. It has been known for many years that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables promotes health. We are beginning to understand how specific phytochemicals are responsible for such therapeutic effects. Hippocrates’ dictum of ‘Let food be your medicine and medicine your food’ can now be experimentally tested and the results of such experiments will enhance the ability of nutritionists to devise specific health-promoting diets.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Juurlink et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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