Nutritional profile of Indian vegetarian diets – the Indian Migration Study (IMS)

Nutrition Journal

Research

Dorairaj Prabhakaran¹  Ankalmadugu Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi²  Liza Bowen³  Sanjay Kinra³  Kolli Srinath Reddy⁴  Krithiga Shridhar⁵  Preet Kaur Dhillon⁵  Shah Ebrahim⁶ 

[1] Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India;Chief Nutritionist Just Right Obesity Clinic, Bangalore, India;London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India;South Asia Network of Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, Building 47, Sector 44 Gurgaon, 122002, New Delhi, Haryana, India;South Asia Network of Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, Building 47, Sector 44 Gurgaon, 122002, New Delhi, Haryana, India;London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;

关键词: India;    Diet;    Nutrition;    Vegetarian;    Vitamin B12;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-13-55

 received in 2013-12-24, accepted in 2014-05-23,  发布年份 2014

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe cardiovascular and other health benefits and potential harms of protein and micronutrient deficiency of vegetarian diets continue to be debated.MethodsStudy participants included urban migrants, their rural siblings and urban residents (n = 6555, mean age - 40.9 yrs) of the Indian Migration Study from Lucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Information on diet (validated interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire), tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, medical histories, as well as blood pressure, fasting blood and anthropometric measurements were collected. Nutrient databases were used to calculate nutrient content of regional recipes. Vegetarians ate no eggs, fish, poultry and meat. Using multivariate linear regression with robust standard error model, we compared the macro- and micro-nutrient profile of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets.ResultsVegetarians, (32.8% of the population), consumed greater amounts of legumes, vegetables, roots and tubers, dairy and sugar, while non-vegetarians had a greater intake of cereals, fruits, spices, salt (p < 0.01), fats and oils. Vegetarians had a higher socioeconomic status, and were less likely to smoke, drink alcohol (p < 0.0001) and engage in less physical activity (p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, vegetarians consumed more carbohydrates (β = 7.0 g/day (95% CI: 9.9 to 4.0), p < 0.0001), vitamin C (β = 8.7 mg/day (95% CI: 4.3 to13.0), p < 0.0001) and folate (β = 8.0 mcg/day (95% CI: 3.3 to 12.7), p = 0.001) and lower levels of fat (β = −1.6 g/day (95% CI: −0.62 to −2.7), p = 0.002), protein (β = −6.4 g/day (95% CI: −5.8 to −7.0), p < 0.0001), vitamin B12 (β = −1.4 mcg/day (95% CI: −1.2 to −1.5), p < 0.0001) and zinc (β = −0.6 mg/day (95% CI: −0.4 to −0.7), p < 0.0001).ConclusionOverall, Indian vegetarian diets were found to be adequate to sustain nutritional demands according to recommended dietary allowances with less fat. Lower vitamin B12 bio-availability remains a concern and requires exploration of acceptable dietary sources for vegetarians.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Shridhar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014