Nutritional profile of Indian vegetarian diets – the Indian Migration Study (IMS)

Nutrition Journal

Shah Ebrahim³  Kolli Srinath Reddy²  Dorairaj Prabhakaran¹  Ankalmadugu Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi⁵  Sanjay Kinra³  Liza Bowen³  Preet Kaur Dhillon⁴  Krithiga Shridhar⁴ 

[1] Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India;Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India;London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;South Asia Network of Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, Building 47, Sector 44 Gurgaon, New Delhi, Haryana 122002, India;Chief Nutritionist Just Right Obesity Clinic, Bangalore, India

关键词: Vitamin B12;    Vegetarian;    Nutrition;    Diet;    India;   

Others  :  801240
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-13-55

 received in 2013-12-24, accepted in 2014-05-23,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The cardiovascular and other health benefits and potential harms of protein and micronutrient deficiency of vegetarian diets continue to be debated.

Methods

Study participants included urban migrants, their rural siblings and urban residents (n = 6555, mean age - 40.9 yrs) of the Indian Migration Study from Lucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Information on diet (validated interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire), tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, medical histories, as well as blood pressure, fasting blood and anthropometric measurements were collected. Nutrient databases were used to calculate nutrient content of regional recipes. Vegetarians ate no eggs, fish, poultry and meat. Using multivariate linear regression with robust standard error model, we compared the macro- and micro-nutrient profile of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets.

Results

Vegetarians, (32.8% of the population), consumed greater amounts of legumes, vegetables, roots and tubers, dairy and sugar, while non-vegetarians had a greater intake of cereals, fruits, spices, salt (p < 0.01), fats and oils. Vegetarians had a higher socioeconomic status, and were less likely to smoke, drink alcohol (p < 0.0001) and engage in less physical activity (p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, vegetarians consumed more carbohydrates (β = 7.0 g/day (95% CI: 9.9 to 4.0), p < 0.0001), vitamin C (β = 8.7 mg/day (95% CI: 4.3 to13.0), p < 0.0001) and folate (β = 8.0 mcg/day (95% CI: 3.3 to 12.7), p = 0.001) and lower levels of fat (β = −1.6 g/day (95% CI: −0.62 to −2.7), p = 0.002), protein (β = −6.4 g/day (95% CI: −5.8 to −7.0), p < 0.0001), vitamin B12 (β = −1.4 mcg/day (95% CI: −1.2 to −1.5), p < 0.0001) and zinc (β = −0.6 mg/day (95% CI: −0.4 to −0.7), p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Overall, Indian vegetarian diets were found to be adequate to sustain nutritional demands according to recommended dietary allowances with less fat. Lower vitamin B12 bio-availability remains a concern and requires exploration of acceptable dietary sources for vegetarians.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Shridhar et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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