The upper midwest health study: a case–control study of pesticide applicators and risk of glioma

Environmental Health

Research

Douglas J Reding¹  Roscoe F Morton²  Kenneth D Rosenman³  Patricia A Stewart⁴  Karen E Davis-King⁵  Avima M Ruder⁵  Tania Carreón⁵  Mary Ann Butler⁵  Paul A Schulte⁵  Geoffrey M Calvert⁵  James H Yiin⁵  Martha A Waters⁵  Jack S Mandel⁶ 

[1] Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA;Mercy Foundation, Des Moines, Iowa, USA;Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA;National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA;University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;

关键词: Pesticides;    Glioma;    Brain cancer;    Upper Midwest;    Case–control;    Farmers;    Applicators;    Gardens;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1476-069X-11-39

 received in 2011-12-27, accepted in 2012-06-12,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAn excess incidence of brain cancer in farmers has been noted in several studies. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health developed the Upper Midwest Health Study (UMHS) as a case–control study of intracranial gliomas and pesticide uses among rural residents. Previous studies of UMHS participants, using “ever-never” exposure to farm pesticides and analyzing men and women separately, found no positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma risks. The primary objective was to determine if quantitatively estimated exposure of pesticide applicators was associated with an increased risk of glioma in male and female participants.MethodsThe study included 798 histologically confirmed primary intracranial glioma cases (45 % with proxy respondents) and 1,175 population-based controls, all adult (age 18–80) non-metropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The analyses used quantitatively estimated exposure from questionnaire responses evaluated by an experienced industrial hygienist with 25 years of work on farm pesticide analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression modeling were calculated adjusting for frequency-matching variables (10-year age group and sex), and for age and education (a surrogate for socioeconomic status). Analyses were separately conducted with or without proxy respondents.ResultsNo significant positive associations with glioma were observed with cumulative years or estimated lifetime cumulative exposure of farm pesticide use. There was, a significant inverse association for phenoxy pesticide used on the farm (OR 0.96 per 10 g-years of cumulative exposure, CI 0.93-0.99). No significant findings were observed when proxy respondents were excluded. Non-farm occupational applicators of any pesticide had decreased glioma risk: OR 0.72, CI 0.52-0.99. Similarly, house and garden pesticide applicators had a decreased risk of glioma: OR 0.79, CI 0.66-0.93, with statistically significant inverse associations for use of 2,4-D, arsenates, organophosphates, and phenoxys.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with our previous findings for UMHS of reported farm pesticide exposure and support a lack of positive association between pesticides and glioma.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Yiin et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012