Is a Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA)-based assay a valid tool for detecting risky malaria blood donations in Africa?

Malaria Journal

Research

Ludovic Anani¹  André Bigot¹  Sylvie Perrotey²  Ermanno Candolfi²  Cécile Doderer-Lang²  Pascal S Atchade³  Nicodème Chabi⁴  Ambaliou Sanni⁴  Casimir D Akpovi⁴  Tamer Abdelrahman⁵ 

[1] Agence Nationale pour la Transfusion Sanguine (Ministère de la Santé), 01 B.P. 511, Cotonou, Bénin;Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale (IPPTS) - Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale (IPPTS) - Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Université d’Abomey Calavi, 04 BP 0320, Cotonou, Bénin;Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Université d’Abomey Calavi, 04 BP 0320, Cotonou, Bénin;Public Health Wales Microbiology, Public Health Wales NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK;

关键词: Malaria;    Transfusion;    Plasmodium falciparum;    pLDH;    Antibodies;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-12-279

 received in 2013-03-21, accepted in 2013-07-06,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMalaria is a leading cause of mortality in southern Benin. The main causative agent, Plasmodium falciparum, poses a threat on critical transfusions in pregnant women and children. This study’s objective was to compare the performance of different malaria screening methods in blood donors in southern Benin, a malaria-endemic country.MethodsBlood from 2,515 voluntary blood donors in Benin was collected over a period of 10 months in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes, which were then classified according to extraction time: long rainy season, short dry season, short rainy season, and long dry season. Microscopic examination was used to count parasites. Parasite density (PD) was expressed as the number of parasites per μL of blood. Pan Plasmodium pLDH detection was assessed by an ELISA-malaria antigen test. Using crude soluble P. falciparum antigens, an ELISA-malaria antibody test detected anti-Plasmodium antibodies.ResultsAmong the 2,515 blood donors (2,025 males and 488 females) screened, the rate of asymptomatic Plasmodium carriage was 295/2,515 (11.72%, 95% CI: 10.5-13.1%). Males had a higher infection rate (12.4%) than did females (8.8%). Parasite density was very low: between seven and100 parasites per μL of blood was reported in 80% of donors with parasitaemia. Three Plasmodium species were diagnosed: P. falciparum in 280/295 patients (95.0%), Plasmodium malariae in 14/295 (5.0%), and Plasmodium ovale in 1/295 (0.34%). Malaria prevalence in donors was higher during the rainy seasons (13.7%) compared with the dry seasons (9.9%). The use of a highly sensitive assay enabled pan Plasmodium pLDH detection in 966/2,515 (38.4%, 95% CI: 36.5%-40.3%). Malaria antibody prevalence was 1,859/2,515 (73.9%, 95% CI: 72.16-75.6%). Donors’ antigenaemia and antibody levels varied significantly (P <0.05) over the course of the four seasons. The highest antigenaemia rate 323/630 (51.3%), was observed during the short rainy season, while the highest antibody prevalence, 751/886 (84.7%), was recorded during the long dry season.ConclusionBlood donations infected with Plasmodium can transmit malaria to donation recipients. Malaria diagnostic methods are currently available, but the feasibility criteria for mass screening in endemic areas become preponderant. Detection of the pLDH antigen seems to be an adequate screening tool in endemic areas, for this antigen indicates parasite presence. Routine screening of all donated blood would prevent infected blood donations and reduce P. falciparum transmission in critical patients, such as children and pregnant women. This tool would also decrease medical prophylaxis in donation recipients and contribute to lower Plasmodium resistance.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Atchade et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.