Hyperparasitaemia during bouts of malaria in French Guiana

Malaria Journal

Research

Magalie Demar¹  Bernard Carme² 

[1] Centre d’Investigation Clinique -Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane (CIC-EC INSERM CIE 802), Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana;Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana;Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Research team EA 3593, Faculty of Medicine, University Antilles Guyane, and Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Rue des Flamboyants, Cayenne, BP 6006, F- 97354, French Guiana;Centre d’Investigation Clinique -Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane (CIC-EC INSERM CIE 802), Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana;

关键词: Malaria;    Plasmodium falciparum;    Plasmodium vivax;    Hyperparasitaemia;    Severe malaria;    French Guiana;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-12-20

 received in 2012-08-25, accepted in 2013-01-10,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundHigh circulating parasite load is one of the WHO criteria for severe falciparum malaria. During a period of 11 years (2000–2010), the frequency of hyperparasitaemia (HP) (≥4% infected erythrocytes) during bouts of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae in patients referred to Cayenne General Hospital (CGH) in French Guiana and the frequency of their admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were evaluated.MethodsA mean of 1,150 malaria cases were referred to the Parasitology Laboratory of CGH each year over the last decade. During this period, malaria diagnostic (microscopy) and parasitaemia evaluation have remained unchanged: determination of the parasitized erythrocytes percentage with asexual forms on thin blood smears for all cases of parasitaemia exceeding 0.1%. Patients admitted to the ICU can be counted by origin of the request for malaria testing. All the data collected retrospectively were anonymized in a standardized case report form and in database.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2010, 12,254 bouts of malaria were confirmed at the Parasitology Laboratory of CHG: P. vivax: 56.2%, P. falciparum: 39.5%, co-infection with both species: 3.4%, P. malariae: 0.9%. HP was observed in 262 cases, at a frequency of 4.9% for P. falciparum and only 0.041% for P. vivax, with no recorded cases for P. malariae. The need for intensive care was correlated with P. falciparum parasite load: 12.3% of cases for parasitaemia of 4-9%, 21.2% for parasitaemia 10-19%, 50% for parasitaemia 20-29% and 77.8% for parasitaemia ≥30% (n=9). The patient with the highest parasitaemia (75% infected erythrocytes with asexual form) presented a major concomitant lupus flare-up treated with corticoids. He survived without obvious sequelae.ConclusionsIn French Guiana during bouts of malaria, HP was observed at a frequency of ~ 5% for P. falciparum and two orders of magnitude less frequent for P. vivax. HP is a severity criterion for falciparum malaria in this endemic area. However, two of the patients with HP ≥30% were not admitted to the ICU and sequel-free cure in malaria patients with 75% parasitaemia is, therefore, possible.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Carme and Demar; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013