Evidence for different mechanisms of ‘unhooking’ for melphalan and cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links in vitroand in clinical acquired resistant tumour samples

BMC Cancer

Research Article

John P Bingham¹  John A Hartley¹  Alessia Bagnobianchi¹  Konstantinos Kiakos¹  Helen L Lowe¹  Claire Newton¹  Victoria J Spanswick¹  Daniel Hochhauser¹  Jonathan A Ledermann²  Charles Craddock³ 

[1] CR-UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK;CR-UK/UCL Cancer Clinical Trials Centre, London, UK;Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK;

关键词: DNA interstrand cross-linking;    Acquired drug resistance;    DNA repair;    DNA cross-linking agent;    Melphalan;    Cisplatin;    Multiple myeloma;    Ovarian cancer;    DNA damage response;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2407-12-436

 received in 2012-05-27, accepted in 2012-09-17,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundDNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are critical lesions produced by several cancer chemotherapy agents including platinum drugs and nitrogen mustards. We have previously shown in haematological (multiple myeloma) and solid tumours (ovarian cancer) that clinical sensitivity to such agents can result from a defect in DNA ICL processing leading to their persistence. Conversely, enhanced repair can result in clinical acquired resistance following chemotherapy. The repair of ICLs is complex but it is assumed that the ‘unhooking’ step is common to all ICLs.MethodsUsing a modification of the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay we measured the formation and unhooking of melphalan and cisplatin-induced ICLs in cell lines and clinical samples. DNA damage response in the form of γ-H2AX foci formation and the formation of RAD51 foci as a marker of homologous recombination were also determined. Real-time PCR of 84 genes involved in DNA damage signalling pathways was also examined pre- and post-treatment.ResultsPlasma cells from multiple myeloma patients known to be clinically resistant to melphalan showed significant unhooking of melphalan-induced ICLs at 48 hours, but did not unhook cisplatin-induced ICLs. In ovarian cancer cells obtained from patients following platinum-based chemotherapy, unhooking of cisplatin-induced ICLs was observed at 48 hours, but no unhooking of melphalan-induced ICLs. In vitro, A549 cells were proficient at unhooking both melphalan and cisplatin-induced ICLs. γ-H2AX foci formation closely followed the formation of ICLs for both drugs, and rapidly declined following the peak of formation. RPMI8226 cells unhooked melphalan, but not cisplatin-induced ICLs. In these cells, although cross-links form with cisplatin, the γ-H2AX response is weak. In A549 cells, addition of 3nM gemcitabine resulted in complete inhibition of cisplatin-induced ICL unhooking but no effect on repair of melphalan ICLs. The RAD51 foci response was both drug and cell line specific. Real time PCR studies highlighted differences in the damage response to melphalan and cisplatin following equi-ICL forming doses.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the mechanisms by which melphalan and cisplatin-induced ICLs are ‘unhooked’ in vitro are distinct, and the mechanisms of clinical acquired resistance involving repair of ICLs, are drug specific.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Spanswick et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.