Anti-Cryptosporidium parvum activity of Artemisia judaica L. and its fractions: in vitro and in vivo assays

Frontiers in Microbiology

Microbiology

Mohamed S. Nafie¹  Amira B. Mokhtar²  Shahira A. Ahmed²  Sameh S. Elhady³  Enas E. Eltamany⁴  Panagiotis Karanis⁵ 

[1] Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Program), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany;Department of Basic and Clinical SciencesUniversity of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus;

关键词: Cryptosporidium;    Artemisia judaica;    drug discovery and public health;    MTT assay;    comet assay;    in vivo;    in vitro;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193810

 received in 2023-03-25, accepted in 2023-06-06,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThis study investigates the toxic activity of Artemisia judaica ethanolic extract (ArEx) as well as its phenolic fraction (ArPh), and terpenoid fraction (ArT) against Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts.MethodsOver a 4 months period, estimation of the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), and total terpenoids contents (TTC) in ArEx; investigation of the in vitro antioxidant activity of ArEx, ArPh, and ArT; evaluation of ArEx, ArPh, and ArT toxic activity against C. parvum oocysts using MTT assay; parasitological analysis on ArPh-treated C. parvum oocysts and comet assay were performed both in vitro and in vivo (infectivity).ResultsThe ArEx TPC, TFC, and TTC was 52.6 ± 3.1 mgGAE/g, 64.5 ± 3.1 mg QE/g, and 9.5 ± 1.1 mg Linol/g, respectively. Regarding the phytochemical in vitro antioxidant activity, the ArPh exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to the ArEx and ArT. The ArPh showed promising free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS•+ with IC50 values of 47.27 ± 1.86 μg/mL and 66.89 ± 1.94 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the FRAP of ArPh was 2.97 ± 0.65 mMol Fe+2/g while its TAC was 46.23 ± 3.15 mg GAE/g. The ArPh demonstrated toxic activity against C. parvum oocysts with a potent IC50 value of 31.6 μg/mL compared to ArT (promising) and ArEx (non-effective). ArPh parasitological analysis demonstrated MIC90 at 1000 μg/ml and effective oocysts destruction on count and morphology. ArPh fragmented oocysts nuclear DNA in comet assay. Beginning at 200 μg/mL, ArPh-treated oocysts did not infect mice.ConclusionTo combat C. parvum infection, the phenolic fraction of A. judaica L. shows promise as an adjuvant therapy or as a source of potentially useful lead structures for drug discovery.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Ahmed, Eltamany, Nafie, Elhady, Karanis and Mokhtar.