Sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis: A multicentric study on 811 patients

Frontiers in Allergy

Allergy

Elena Cantone¹  Stefania Gallo²  Alberto Macchi²  Claudia Staffieri³  Giancarlo Ottaviano⁴  Ignazio La Mantia⁵  Federica Cipolla⁵  Giulia Monti⁶  Veronica Seccia⁷  Angelo Ghidini⁸  Chiara Bianchini⁹  Umberto Barbone^1,10  Marco Govoni^1,11  Gabriele Orietti^1,11  Alessandro Maselli Del Giudice^1,12  Giacomo Sollini^1,13  Ernesto Pasquini^1,13  Alessia Giorli^1,14  Giacomo Bertazzoni^1,15  Enrico Heffler^1,16  Luca Malvezzi^1,16  Eugenio De Corso^1,17  Andrea Ciofalo^1,18  Carla De Vita^1,19  Livio Presutti^1,19  Cristina Di Lieto^1,19  Federico Sireci^2,20  Flavio Arnone^2,21  Giorgia Carlotta Pipolo^2,21  Alessio De Massimi^2,22  Nicola Lombardo^2,23  Giulia Gramellini^2,24  Frank Rikki Canevari^2,25 

[1]Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Unit of Ear, Nose and Throat, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

[2]ENT Clinic Asst Sette Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

[3]ENT Clinic Treviso, Treviso, Italy

[4]ENT Clinic, Azienda Università Padova, Padova, Italy

[5]ENT Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

[6]ENT Clinic, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

[7]ENT Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

[8]ENT Department, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy

[9]ENT Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy

[10]ENT Department, Ospedale Provinciale Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

[11]ENT Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

[12]ENT Unit Bari Adria Trani, Bari, Italy

[13]ENT Unit Metropolitan Area, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy

[14]ENT Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

[15]Ent Clinic, Asst Cremona, Cremona, Italy

[16]IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University Rozzano, Milano, Italy

[17]Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Milano, Italy

[18]Istituto di ORL, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy

[19]Organ of Sense Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy

[20]Otolaryngology and Audiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di Sant-Orsola, Bologna, Italy

[21]Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

[22]Otorhinolaryngology Unit ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

[23]SS ORL San Vito al Tagliamento - Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, S. Vito al Tagliamento, Italy

[24]UOC Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy

[25]UOC Otorinolaringoiatria, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy

[26]Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy

关键词: CRSwNP;    smell;    type 2;    QoL (quality of life);    olfactory dysfunction;   

DOI  :  10.3389/falgy.2023.1083964

 received in 2022-10-29, accepted in 2023-03-28,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionThe impairment of the sense of smell is often related to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP, CRSsNP). CRSwNP is a frequent condition that drastically worsens the quality of life of those affected; it has a higher prevalence than CRSsNP. CRSwNP patients experience severe loss of smell with earlier presentation and are more likely to experience recurrence of their symptoms, often requiring revision surgery.MethodsThe present study performed a multicentric data collection, enrolling 811 patients with CRS divided according to the inflammatory endotype (Type 2 and non-Type 2). All patients were referred for nasal endoscopy for the assessment of nasal polyposis using nasal polyp score (NPS); Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory test were performed to measure olfactory function, and SNOT-22 (22-item sinonasal outcome test) questionnaire was used to assess patients’ quality of life; allergic status was evaluated with skin prick test and nasal cytology completed the evaluation when available.ResultsData showed that Type 2 inflammation is more common than non-type 2 (656 patients versus 155) and patients suffer from worse quality of life and nasal polyp score. Moreover, 86.1% of patients with Type 2 CRSwNP were affected by a dysfunction of the sense of smell while it involved a lesser percentage of non-Type 2 patients. Indeed, these data give us new information about type-2 inflammation patients’ characteristics.DiscussionThe present study confirms that olfactory function weights on patients’ QoL and it represents an important therapeutic goal that can also improve patients’ compliance when achieved. In a future – and present – perspective of rhinological precision medicine, an impairment of the sense of smell could help the clinician to characterize patients better and to choose the best treatment available.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© 2023 Macchi, Giorli, Cantone, Carlotta Pipolo, Arnone, Barbone, Bertazzoni, Bianchini, Ciofalo, Cipolla, De Massimi, De Vita, Di Lieto, Ghidini, Govoni, Gramellini, Maselli Del Giudice, Ottaviano, Seccia, Sireci, Sollini, Staffieri, Gallo, Heffler, Mantia, De Corso, Canevari, Lombardo, Malvezzi, Orietti, Pasquini, Presutti and Monti.