Dietary trends among Polish women in 2011–2022—cross-sectional study of food consumption frequency among women aged 20–50 in Silesia region, Poland

Frontiers in Nutrition

Nutrition

Anita Stanjek-Cichoracka¹  Elżbieta Czech²  Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa³  Elżbieta Szczepańska³  Maria Kujawińska³  Małgorzata Słoma-Krześlak³  Olga Sobek³  Martina Grot³  Beata Całyniuk³  Teresa Kokot⁴  Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń⁴  Agata Kiciak⁵  Wiktoria Staśkiewicz⁵ 

[1] Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland;Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland;Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland;Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland;Department of Technology and Food Quality Evaluation, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland;

关键词: nutrition;    women;    diet;    eating habits;    lifestyle;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnut.2023.1219704

 received in 2023-05-09, accepted in 2023-06-02,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWomen’s nutrition should be different from that of men. Women have lower energy requirements than men. And the need for certain vitamins and minerals is higher in women, this applies to iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D and vitamin B9 (folic acid). This is related to hormonal changes including menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding and the onset of menopause. Through hormonal changes and the changing physiological state, women are at greater risk of anaemia, bone weakness and osteoporosis.The aim of the study was to assess changes in the dietary pattern among women from the Silesian Agglomeration in Poland between 2011 and 2022.Material and methodThe survey was conducted in 2011 (March–May 2011) and in 2022 (October–November 2022) among women living in the Silesian Agglomeration (Silesia region) in Poland aged 20–50. After consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 745 women were included in the final analysis, including 437 women screened in 2011 and 308 women screened in 2022.The research tool used in this publication was a survey questionnaire consisting of 2 parts. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of demographic data. The second part of the study focused on the dietary habits of the women surveyed and the frequency of consumption of individual foods (FFQ).ResultsMore women in 2022 ate breakfast than in 2011 (77.6% vs. 63.8% p < 0.001), were more likely to eat breakfast I at home (73.1% vs. 62.5%; p < 0.001), were more likely to eat breakfast II (39.0% vs. 35.2%; p = 0.001), were more likely to eat breakfast II at home (28.6% vs. 19.2%; p = 0.002), and were more likely to eat lunch at work (16.6% vs. 3.4%; p < 0.001). Women in 2022 were more likely to consume fast-food (p = 0.001), salty snacks (chips, crisps) (p < 0.001) and sweets (p < 0.001). Women in 2022 were more likely to consume whole-grain bread (p < 0.001), wholemeal pasta (p < 0.001), brown rice (p < 0.001), oatmeal (p < 0.001), buckwheat groats (p = 0.06), and bran (p < 0.001) than women in 2011. They were less likely to consume white bread (p < 0.0001), light pasta (p = 0.004), white rice (p = 0.008) and cornflakes (p < 0.001) in 2022.Women in 2022 were significantly more likely to consume vegetables (p < 0.001) than women in 2011.ConclusionEating habits in Silesia region women changed between 2011 and 2022. In 2022, women were more likely to choose cereal products considered health-promoting and rich in dietary fiber (including whole-grain bread, whole-grain pasta, oatmeal, bran) were more likely to consume vegetables, dry pulses and vegetarian dinners, and consumed less meat, cured meats, fish and dairy products. Consumption of fast-food, salty snacks (such as chips) and sweets increased.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Białek-Dratwa, Kokot, Czech, Całyniuk, Kiciak, Staśkiewicz, Stanjek-Cichoracka, Słoma-Krześlak, Sobek, Kujawińska, Grot, Szczepańska and Muc-Wierzgoń.