Are mild cleansers appropriate for hand hygiene in the COVID era? An in vitro investigation of the antiviral efficacy of different hand hygiene products

Frontiers in Virology

Virology

Zahra Ashraf¹  Nada Baalbaki²  Micheal Cork³  Simon Danby³  Natalie Winder⁴  Sara Gohar⁴  Munitta Muthana⁴ 

[1] Biosciences Department, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom;CeraVe, L’Oréal, New York, NY, United States;Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom;Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom;

关键词: coronaviruses;    norovirus;    hand hygiene;    dermatitis;    skin-friendly cleanser;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fviro.2023.1180815

 received in 2023-03-06, accepted in 2023-05-02,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWashing hands with soap and lukewarm water for 20 s is a fundamental measure advocated especially within the UK to help control the spread of viral disease. However, these practices can induce irritant contact dermatitis, particularly in healthcare professionals (HCPs). HCPs typically manage their condition by replacing soap or alcohol-based hand sanitizers with cleansers containing mild surfactants and/or emollient ingredients [skin-friendly cleansers (SFCs)] to mitigate skin damage and/or using topical emollients after washing for repair. Despite this widespread practice, there is very limited evidence supporting the efficacy of these interventions in the prevention of viral propagation.MethodologyWithin this study a range of viruses comprising human coronavirus (HCoV), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, influenza (IVA), adenovirus (Ad), and murine norovirus (MNV) were tested against multiple hand wash products, including SFCs. In vitro analysis using plaque assays and tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) were used to assess virus infectability after incubation with the test products (soaps and SFCs) over a range of concentrations and time points. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine virus architecture and size, while viral replication genes were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results/conclusionsEnveloped viruses demonstrated greater susceptibility over a range of test products, suggesting some SFCs are a suitable alternative to soap (depending on the presence of a viral envelope). However, no virucidal activity was observed for non-enveloped viruses. Water type (i.e., soft/hard) and pre-exposed hand hygiene conditions (i.e., clean/dirty) made little difference to the effectiveness of both soaps and SFCs. Therefore, new hand hygiene regimens should be implemented based on trying to encompass all viruses with varying structures, with specific emphasis on the absence of a viral envelope.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Winder, Ashraf, Gohar, Baalbaki, Cork, Danby and Muthana