Association of social isolation and cognitive performance: a longitudinal study using a four-wave nationwide survey

BMC Public Health

Research

Zhao Yin¹  Jinghong Gao¹  Changying Chen¹  Chengzeng Wang¹  Yanran Duan¹  Hang Fu¹  Sufan Wang¹  Shuai Jiang¹  Mengyu Yang² 

[1] The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China;Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China;Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China;

关键词: Longitudinal association;    Bivariate latent growth model;    Trajectories of changes;    Bidirectional;    Social isolation;    Cognitive performance;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-023-16274-7

 received in 2023-01-11, accepted in 2023-07-09,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between social isolation and cognitive performance among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.MethodsWe used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A latent growth model (LGM) was applied to examine the association between social isolation and cognitive performance across different characteristics.ResultsIn the analysis, we ultimately included 9,367 participants after excluding respondents with missing key variables. Social isolation and cognitive performance showed significant differences across time. After adjusting for the confounders, there was a significant association between higher social isolation and poor cognitive performance (β = −1.38, p < 0.001), and higher levels of social isolation resulted in a more pronounced decline in cognition over time (β = 0.17, p < 0.001). Additionally, the path coefficient between the initial level of cognition at baseline and the slope of social isolation was − 0.07 (p < 0.001) and 0.01 (p = 0.021), respectively. For the correlation between slopes, our study found that females’ cognition scores were more susceptible to social isolation (β = − 2.78, p < 0.001). Similarly, regarding cognition scores, the influence of social isolation was greater among people with education below the primary level (β = − 2.89, p = 0.002) or a greater number of chronic diseases (β = − 2.56, p = 0.001).ConclusionOur findings support the bidirectional association between social isolation and cognition. Specifically, higher baseline social isolation and its rate of increase over time contribute to an intensification of cognitive decline at follow-up. Besides, poorer cognitive performance predicted higher social isolation.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

40798_2023_599_Article_IEq2.gif

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Scheme 1

40854_2023_507_Article_IEq31.gif

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 10

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

40854_2023_507_Article_IEq23.gif

Fig. 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

40854_2023_507_Article_IEq17.gif

Fig. 5

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq6.gif

Fig. 1

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq4.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq2.gif

Fig. 1

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq1.gif

Fig. 2

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq58.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq57.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq56.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq55.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq54.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq52.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq50.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq49.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq48.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq47.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq46.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq19.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq18.gif

Fig. 2

12888_2023_5115_Article_IEq2.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq15.gif

Fig. 2

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq12.gif

40517_2023_266_Article_IEq10.gif

Fig. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

12888_2023_5115_Article_IEq1.gif

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 5

Fig. 3

Fig. 16

Fig. 7

40854_2023_500_Article_IEq6.gif

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3