期刊论文详细信息
BMC Infectious Diseases
Associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene with typhoid fever in case–control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Research Article
Woojoo Lee1  Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse2  Jong-Hoon Kim2  Chaelin Kim2  Gerard R. Goucher2  Kaja Abbas3 
[1] Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea;London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;
关键词: Typhoid fever;    Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH);    Case-control study;    Intervention strategy;    Bayesian meta-analysis;   
DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-023-08452-0
 received in 2023-02-13, accepted in 2023-07-11,  发布年份 2023
来源: Springer
PDF
【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWater, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) play a pivotal role in controlling typhoid fever, as it is primarily transmitted through oral-fecal pathways. Given our constrained resources, staying current with the most recent research is crucial. This ensures we remain informed about practical insights regarding effective typhoid fever control strategies across various WASH components. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies to estimate the associations of water, sanitation, and hygiene exposures with typhoid fever.MethodsWe updated the previous review conducted by Brockett et al. We included new findings published between June 2018 and October 2022 in Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed. We used the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for risk of bias (ROB) assessment. We classified WASH exposures according to the classification provided by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (JMP) update in 2015. We conducted the meta-analyses by only including studies that did not have a critical ROB in both Bayesian and frequentist random-effects models.ResultsWe identified 8 new studies and analyzed 27 studies in total. Our analyses showed that while the general insights on the protective (or harmful) impact of improved (or unimproved) WASH remain the same, the pooled estimates of OR differed. Pooled estimates of limited hygiene (OR = 2.26, 95% CrI: 1.38 to 3.64), untreated water (OR = 1.96, 95% CrI: 1.28 to 3.27) and surface water (OR = 2.14, 95% CrI: 1.03 to 4.06) showed 3% increase, 18% decrease, and 16% increase, respectively, from the existing estimates. On the other hand, improved WASH reduced the odds of typhoid fever with pooled estimates for improved water source (OR = 0.54, 95% CrI: 0.31 to 1.08), basic hygiene (OR = 0.6, 95% CrI: 0.38 to 0.97) and treated water (OR = 0.54, 95% CrI: 0.36 to 0.8) showing 26% decrease, 15% increase, and 8% decrease, respectively, from the existing estimates.ConclusionsThe updated pooled estimates of ORs for the association of WASH with typhoid fever showed clear changes from the existing estimates. Our study affirms that relatively low-cost WASH strategies such as basic hygiene or water treatment can be an effective tool to provide protection against typhoid fever in addition to other resource-intensive ways to improve WASH.Trial registrationPROSPERO 2021 CRD42021271881.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

【 预 览 】
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MediaObjects/13046_2023_2784_MOESM1_ESM.pdf 564KB PDF download
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