Generation, evolution, interfering factors, applications, and challenges of patient-derived xenograft models in immunodeficient mice

Cancer Cell International

Review

Xinhua Dai¹  Zijing Ruan²  Mingtang Zeng²  Jiaxi Tang²  Maozhu Liu²  Chengji Hu²  Ping Fan² 

[1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China;Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China;

关键词: Patient-derived xenograft;    Preclinical model;    Cancer research;    Immunotherapy;    Immunodeficiency mice;    Humanized mice;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12935-023-02953-3

 received in 2023-03-09, accepted in 2023-05-24,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Establishing appropriate preclinical models is essential for cancer research. Evidence suggests that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. This follows the growing use of cancer models in cancer research to avoid these differences between xenograft tumor models and patient tumors. In recent years, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model has been actively generated and applied, which preserves both cell–cell interactions and the microenvironment of tumors by directly transplanting cancer tissue from tumors into immunodeficient mice. In addition to this, the advent of alternative hosts, such as zebrafish hosts, or in vitro models (organoids and microfluidics), has also facilitated the advancement of cancer research. However, they still have a long way to go before they become reliable models. The development of immunodeficient mice has enabled PDX to become more mature and radiate new vitality. As one of the most reliable and standard preclinical models, the PDX model in immunodeficient mice (PDX-IM) exerts important effects in drug screening, biomarker development, personalized medicine, co-clinical trials, and immunotherapy. Here, we focus on the development procedures and application of PDX-IM in detail, summarize the implications that the evolution of immunodeficient mice has brought to PDX-IM, and cover the key issues in developing PDX-IM in preclinical studies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2023

【 图 表 】

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Fig. 4