Genetic diversity analysis for wild and cultivated accessions of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf using phytochemical and molecular markers

PeerJ

article

Bushra Shamsheer¹  Nadia Riaz¹  Zubaida Yousaf¹  Sajjad Hyder²  Arusa Aftab¹  Rashid Iqbal³  Muhammad Habib ur Rahman⁴  Ibrahim Al-Ashkar⁵  Khalid F. Almutairi⁵  Ayman El Sabagh⁶ 

[1] Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University;Department of Botany, Government College Women University;Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bhawalpur;Crop Science Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation ,(INRES), University of Bonn;Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University;Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University

关键词: Cymbopogon citratus;    Cultivated;    Genetic diversity;    Molecular markers;    Medicinal importance;    Oil yielding;    Phytochemicals;    Wild;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.13505

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Background Genetic diversity is being lost because of increasing urbanization and decreasing cultivation land, which leads to the abrupt use of wild resources of medicinally aromatic plants (MAPs). Cymbopogon citratus is a morphologically diverse MAP that is largely exploited in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the intraspecific phytochemical and molecular diversity of C. citratus has yet to be explored. Methodology The germplasm was obtained from four different countries representing Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and the United States. Oil extraction was performed by hydro distillation, and metabolic profiles of different accessions were generated by GC–MS. Seventeen functional molecular markers based on three genes encoding cytochrome P450, uridyl diphosphate glycosyltransferase and the 5S rRNA gene family were used to explore genetic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmaps were constructed using R software with the help of the gg-plot R package v1.0.5 for data validation. Results Among the 208 identified metabolites, citral was maximal, with a phytochemical contribution (1.92–27.73%), α-pinene (0.82–15.57%), verbenol (0.24–22.84%), neral (0.23–21.31%) and geranial acetate (0.43–15.65%). In the majority of accessions, citral was the dominant component. The highest concentration of citral was detected in 384541 (27.74%), 384527 (27.52%) belonging to Pakistan and one USA-based accession 38456 (27.71%). Region-specific grouping revealed a relationship between genetic diversity and geographical location. Pakistani accessions 384518, 38452, and 384544 genetically and 384535, 384518, and 384510 were phytochemically diverse. Conclusion The genetic diversity was more pronounced in cultivated accessions than in wild accessions. Moreover, it was observed that phytochemical diversity correlated with the altitude and temperature of the region.

【 授权许可】

CC BY