The complete organellar genomes of the entheogenic plant Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae), a main component of the ayahuasca brew

PeerJ

article

Alessandro M. Varani¹  Saura R. Silva¹  Simone Lopes²  Jose Beethoven Figueiredo Barbosa³  Danilo Oliveira⁴  Maria Alice Corrêa⁵  Ana Paula Moraes⁶  Vitor F.O. Miranda⁷  Francisco Prosdocimi⁵ 

[1] Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University;Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Paraíba;Department of Plant Science ,(DFIT), Federal University of Roraima;Laboratory of Bioprospection and Applied Ethnopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro;Laboratório de Genômica e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro;Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC;School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University

关键词: Ayahuasca;    Genome;    Mitochondrion;    Chloroplast;    Comparative genomics;    Phylogenomics;    Entheogen;    Psychotria viridis;    Chacrona;    Organelle;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.14114

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Inra

【 摘 要 】

Psychotria viridis (Rubioideae: Rubiaceae), popularly known as chacrona, is commonly found as a shrub in the Amazon region and is well-known to produce psychoactive compounds, such as the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Together with the liana Banisteropsis caapi, P. viridis is one of the main components of the Amerindian traditional, entheogenic beverage known as ayahuasca. In this work, we assembled and annotated the organellar genomes (ptDNA and mtDNA), presenting the first genomics resources for this species. The P. viridis ptDNA exhibits 154,106 bp, encoding all known ptDNA gene repertoire found in angiosperms. The Psychotria genus is a complex paraphyletic group, and according to phylogenomic analyses, P. viridis is nested in the Psychotrieae clade. Comparative ptDNA analyses indicate that most Rubiaceae plastomes present conserved ptDNA structures, often showing slight differences at the junction sites of the major four regions (LSC-IR-SSC). For the mitochondrion, assembly graph-based analysis supports a complex mtDNA organization, presenting at least two alternative and circular mitogenomes structures exhibiting two main repeats spanning 24 kb and 749 bp that may symmetrically isomerize the mitogenome into variable arrangements and isoforms. The circular mtDNA sequences (615,370 and 570,344 bp) encode almost all plant mitochondrial genes (except for the ccmC, rps7, rps10, rps14, rps19, rpl2 and rpl16 that appears as pseudogenes, and the absent genes sdh3, rps2, rsp4, rsp8, rps11, rpl6, and rpl10), showing slight variations related to exclusive regions, ptDNA integration, and relics of previous events of LTR-RT integration. The detection of two mitogenomes haplotypes is evidence of heteroplasmy as observed by the complex organization of the mitochondrial genome using graph-based analysis. Taken together, these results elicit the primary insights into the genome biology and evolutionary history of Psychotria viridis and may be used to aid strategies for conservation of this sacred, entheogenic species.

【 授权许可】

CC BY