Maternal Undernutrition during Pregnancy Alters Amino Acid Metabolism and Gene Expression Associated with Energy Metabolism and Angiogenesis in Fetal Calf Muscle

Metabolites

Takafumi Gotoh¹  Aoi Kinoshita¹  Yi Zhang¹  Ichiro Oshima¹  Susumu Muroya²  Koichi Ojima²  Mika Oe²  Kazunaga Oshima³  Yuji Gotoh³  Mitsue Sano⁴  Sanggun Roh⁵  Kounosuke Otomaru⁶ 

[1] Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan;Division of Animal Products Research, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS), Tsukuba 305-0901, Ibaraki, Japan;Division of Year-Round Grazing Research, NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 60 Yoshinaga, Ohda 694-0013, Shimane, Japan;Faculty of Human Culture, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone 522-8533, Shiga, Japan;Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan;Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan;

关键词: amino acid;    angiogenesis;    energy metabolism;    fetal programming;    fetal growth restriction;    maternal nutrient restriction;   

DOI  :  10.3390/metabo11090582

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

To elucidate the mechanisms underlying maternal undernutrition (MUN)-induced fetal skeletal muscle growth impairment in cattle, the longissimus thoracis muscle of Japanese Black fetal calves at 8.5 months in utero was analyzed by an integrative approach with metabolomics and transcriptomics. The pregnant cows were fed on 60% (low-nutrition, LN) or 120% (high-nutrition, HN) of their overall nutritional requirement during gestation. MUN markedly decreased the bodyweight and muscle weight of the fetus. The levels of amino acids (AAs) and arginine-related metabolites including glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and putrescine were higher in the LN group than those in the HN group. Metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that the highly different metabolites were associated with the metabolic pathways of pyrimidine, glutathione, and AAs such as arginine and glutamate, suggesting that MUN resulted in AA accumulation rather than protein accumulation. The mRNA expression levels of energy metabolism-associated genes, such as PRKAA1, ANGPTL4, APLNR, CPT1B, NOS2, NOS3, UCP2, and glycolytic genes were lower in the LN group than in the HN group. The gene ontology/pathway analysis revealed that the downregulated genes in the LN group were associated with glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, HIF-1 signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, pentose phosphate, and insulin signaling pathways. Thus, MUN altered the levels of AAs and expression of genes associated with energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, and angiogenesis in the fetal muscle.

【 授权许可】

Unknown