Stress-induced microglial activation occurs through β-adrenergic receptor: noradrenaline as a key neurotransmitter in microglial activation

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Yoshihiko Kakinuma¹  Yasuhiro Takenaka¹  Shuei Sugama¹  Hisayuki Ohata¹  Makoto Hashimoto²  Takato Takenouchi³ 

[1] Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School;Division of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science;Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization;

关键词: Microglia;    Restraint stress;    Brain;    CNS;    Neuroimmunomodulation;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12974-019-1632-z

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background The involvement of microglia in neuroinflammatory responses has been extensively demonstrated. Recent animal studies have shown that exposure to either acute or chronic stress induces robust microglial activation in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of brain microglial activation by acute stress. Methods We first looked at the spatial distribution of the noradrenaline (NA)-synthesizing enzyme, DBH (dopamine β-hydroxylase), in comparison with NA receptors—β1, β2, and β3 adrenergic receptors (β1-AR, β2-AR, and β3-AR)—after which we examined the effects of the β-blocker propranolol and α-blockers prazosin and yohimbine on stress-induced microglial activation. Finally, we compared stress-induced microglial activation between wild-type (WT) mice and double-knockout (DKO) mice lacking β1-AR and β2-AR. Results The results demonstrated that (1) microglial activation occurred in most studied brain regions, including the hippocampus (HC), thalamus (TM), and hypothalamus (HT); (2) within these three brain regions, the NA-synthesizing enzyme DBH was densely stained in the neuronal fibers; (3) β1-AR and β2-AR, but not β3-AR, are detected in the whole brain, and β1-AR and β2-AR are co-localized with microglial cells, as observed by laser scanning microscopy; (4) β-blocker treatment inhibited microglial activation in terms of morphology and count through the whole brain; α-blockers did not show such effect; (5) unlike WT mice, DKO mice exhibited substantial inhibition of stress-induced microglial activation in the brain. Conclusions We demonstrate that neurons/microglia may interact with NA via β1-AR and β2-AR.

【 授权许可】

Unknown