An Overview of Promising Alternative Fuels for Road, Rail, Air, and Inland Waterway Transport in Germany

Energies

Detlef Stolten¹  Klaus Görner²  Juri Scholten²  Rolf Albus²  Marc Fiebrandt²  Ralf Peters³  Felix Schorn³  Janos Lucian Breuer³  Remzi Can Samsun³  Jan Christian Koj⁴ 

[1] Chair for Fuel Cells, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany;Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V., 45356 Essen, Germany;Institute of Energy and Climate Research—Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-14), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany;Institute of Energy and Climate Research—Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany;

关键词: Power-to-Gas;    Power-to-Liquid;    hydrogen;    transport;    future mobility concepts;    LCA;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en15041443

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

To solve the challenge of decarbonizing the transport sector, a broad variety of alternative fuels based on different concepts, including Power-to-Gas and Power-to-Liquid, and propulsion systems, have been developed. The current research landscape is investigating either a selection of fuel options or a selection of criteria, a comprehensive overview is missing so far. This study aims to close this gap by providing a holistic analysis of existing fuel and drivetrain options, spanning production to utilization. For this purpose, a case study for Germany is performed considering different vehicle classes in road, rail, inland waterway, and air transport. The evaluated criteria on the production side include technical maturity, costs, as well as environmental impacts, whereas, on the utilization side, possible blending with existing fossil fuels and the satisfaction of the required mission ranges are evaluated. Overall, the fuels and propulsion systems, Methanol-to-Gasoline, Fischer–Tropsch diesel and kerosene, hydrogen, battery-electric propulsion, HVO, DME, and natural gas are identified as promising future options. All of these promising fuels could reach near-zero greenhouse gas emissions bounded to some mandatory preconditions. However, the current research landscape is characterized by high insecurity with regard to fuel costs, depending on the predicted range and length of value chains.

【 授权许可】

Unknown