Metnase and EEPD1: DNA Repair Functions and Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy

Frontiers in Oncology

Robert Hromas¹  Suk-Hee Lee²  Jac A. Nickoloff³  Lynn Taylor³  Neelam Sharma³  Sage J. Allen³ 

[1] Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States;;Department of Biochemistry &Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States;

关键词: DNA repair;    DNA double-strand breaks;    genome instability;    homologous recombination;    non-homologous end-joining;    chromosome decatenation;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fonc.2022.808757

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling and DNA repair systems, described as the DNA damage response (DDR). Clarifying DDR pathways and their dysregulation in cancer are important for understanding cancer etiology, how cancer cells exploit the DDR to survive endogenous and treatment-related stress, and to identify DDR targets as therapeutic targets. Cancer is often treated with genotoxic chemicals and/or ionizing radiation. These agents are cytotoxic because they induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) directly, or indirectly by inducing replication stress which causes replication fork collapse to DSBs. EEPD1 and Metnase are structure-specific nucleases, and Metnase is also a protein methyl transferase that methylates histone H3 and itself. EEPD1 and Metnase promote repair of frank, two-ended DSBs, and both promote the timely and accurate restart of replication forks that have collapsed to single-ended DSBs. In addition to its roles in HR, Metnase also promotes DSB repair by classical non-homologous recombination, and chromosome decatenation mediated by TopoIIα. Although mutations in Metnase and EEPD1 are not common in cancer, both proteins are frequently overexpressed, which may help tumor cells manage oncogenic stress or confer resistance to therapeutics. Here we focus on Metnase and EEPD1 DNA repair pathways, and discuss opportunities for targeting these pathways to enhance cancer therapy.

【 授权许可】

Unknown