The Role of Midkine in Arteriogenesis, Involving Mechanosensing, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Vasodilation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Klaus T. Preissner¹  Ludwig T. Weckbach²  Elisabeth Deindl³ 

[1] Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;

关键词: midkine;    nitric oxide synthases;    VEGF;    endothelial-cell proliferation;    vasodilation;    arteriogenesis;    hypoxia;    shear stress;    reactive oxygen species;    tumor;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms19092559

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Mechanical forces in blood circulation such as shear stress play a predominant role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes related to vascular responses or vessel remodeling. Arteriogenesis, defined as the growth of pre-existing arterioles into functional collateral arteries compensating for stenosed or occluded arteries, is such a process. Midkine, a pleiotropic protein and growth factor, has originally been identified to orchestrate embryonic development. In the adult organism its expression is restricted to distinct tissues (including tumors), whereby midkine is strongly expressed in inflamed tissue and has been shown to promote inflammation. Recent investigations conferred midkine an important function in vascular remodeling and growth. In this review, we introduce the midkine gene and protein along with its cognate receptors, and highlight its role in inflammation and the vascular system with special emphasis on arteriogenesis, particularly focusing on shear stress-mediated vascular cell proliferation and vasodilatation.

【 授权许可】

Unknown