Environmental Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis: A Review with a Focus on Molecular Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

关键词: multiple sclerosis;    demyelination;    epidemiology;    latitude;    vitamin D;    Epstein-Barr virus;    smoking;    gene-environment interaction;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms130911718

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disease of the central nervous system commonly affecting young adults. Pathologically, there are patches of inflammation (plaques) with demyelination of axons and oligodendrocyte loss. There is a global latitude gradient in MS prevalence, and incidence of MS is increasing (particularly in females). These changes suggest a major role for environmental factors in causation of disease. We have reviewed the evidence and potential mechanisms of action for three exposures: vitamin D, Epstein Barr virus and cigarette smoking. Recent advances supporting gene-environment interactions are reviewed. Further research is needed to establish mechanisms of causality in humans and to explore preventative strategies.

【 授权许可】

Unknown