Biomonitoring of Aflatoxin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in a Rural Pakistan Population Using Ultra-Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method

Toxins

Amir Ismail¹  Hifza Rasheed²  Lei Xia³  Tao Jiang³  YunYun Gong³  Yao Dong³  MichaelN. Routledge⁴ 

[1] Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan;Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad 44080, Pakistan;School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;

关键词: aflatoxin;    deoxynivalenol;    exposure assessment;    human biomonitoring;    UPLC-MS/MS;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins12090591

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

There are limited data on exposure to mycotoxins in Pakistan. Here, we measured exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON), a common contaminant of wheat, and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a known contaminant of rice, using biomarkers of exposure. Wheat (n = 195) and rice (n = 62) samples were analyzed for AFB₁ and DON levels, and the corresponding urinary biomarkers were analyzed in urine samples from a rural population (n = 264, aged 4–80 years, male 58%) using ultra-sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. AFB₁ was detected in 66% of rice (5.04 ± 11.94 µg/kg) and 3% of wheat samples. AFM₁ (hydroxylated form of AFB₁)was detected in 69% of urine samples, mean 0.023 ± 0.048 ng/mL and DON was detected in 20% of urine samples, mean 0.170 ± 0.129 ng/mL. The maximum probable daily intake for DON derived from the urinary biomarker was 59.8 ng/kg b.w./day, which is below the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives’ tolerable daily intake (1000 ng/kg b.w./day). However, for aflatoxin, the derived margin of exposure (MoE) of (13.2) was well below the safe MoE (10,000) suggested by the European Food Safety Authority. The calculated aflatoxin-associated cancer risk of 0.514/10⁵ individuals/year suggests that measures should be taken to reduce the AFB₁ contamination in food, particularly rice, in Pakistan.

【 授权许可】

Unknown