Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Air Pollution

Antioxidants

Cristina Vassalle¹  Kyriazoula Chatzianagnostou¹  Francesca Gorini²  Melania Gaggini²  Laura Sabatino² 

[1] Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, via Moruzzi 1, 54100 Pisa, Italy;Institute of Clinical Physiology, Nazional Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;

关键词: hyperglycemia;    oxidative stress;    pre-diabetes;    type 2 diabetes;    molecular mechanisms;    air pollution;   

DOI  :  10.3390/antiox10081234

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have increased in the last decades and are expected to further grow in the coming years. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers free radical generation and causes increased oxidative stress, affecting a number of molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways, including the generation of advanced glycation end products, proinflammatory and procoagulant effects, induction of apoptosis, vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction of nitric oxide release, and activation of protein kinase C. Among type 2 diabetes determinants, many data have documented the adverse effects of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutants) through multiple exposure-induced mechanisms (e.g., systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercoagulability, and endothelial and immune responses). Therefore, here we discuss the role of air pollution in oxidative stress-related damage to glycemic metabolism homeostasis, with a particular focus on its impact on health. In this context, the improvement of new advanced tools (e.g., omic techniques and the study of epigenetic changes) may provide a substantial contribution, helping in the evaluation of the individual in his biological totality, and offer a comprehensive assessment of the molecular, clinical, environmental, and epidemiological aspects.

【 授权许可】

Unknown