Mini-Review: Antifouling Natural Products from Marine Microorganisms and Their Synthetic Analogs

Marine Drugs

Ze-Hong Wu¹  Ying Xu¹  Kai-Ling Wang²  Chang-Yun Wang²  Yu Wang³ 

[1] Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource &The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;

关键词: antifouling;    biofouling;    marine microorganisms;    marine natural products;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md15090266

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Biofouling causes huge economic loss and generates serious ecological issues worldwide. Marine coatings incorporated with antifouling (AF) compounds are the most common practices to prevent biofouling. With a ban of organotins and an increase in the restrictions regarding the use of other AF alternatives, exploring effective and environmentally friendly AF compounds has become an urgent demand for marine coating industries. Marine microorganisms, which have the largest biodiversity, represent a rich and important source of bioactive compounds and have many medical and industrial applications. This review summarizes 89 natural products from marine microorganisms and 13 of their synthetic analogs with AF EC50 values ≤ 25 μg/mL from 1995 (the first report about marine microorganism-derived AF compounds) to April 2017. Some compounds with the EC50 values < 5 μg/mL and LC50/EC50 ratios > 50 are highlighted as potential AF compounds, and the preliminary analysis of structure-relationship (SAR) of these compounds is also discussed briefly. In the last part, current challenges and future research perspectives are proposed based on opinions from many previous reviews. To provide clear guidance for the readers, the AF compounds from microorganisms and their synthetic analogs in this review are categorized into ten types, including fatty acids, lactones, terpenes, steroids, benzenoids, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids, nucleosides and peptides. In addition to the major AF compounds which targets macro-foulers, this review also includes compounds with antibiofilm activity since micro-foulers also contribute significantly to the biofouling communities.

【 授权许可】

Unknown