Methodology for Measurement of Ammonia Emissions from Intensive Pig Farming

Agriculture

Maohua Xiao¹  Zbynek Havelka²  Lubos Smutny²  Pavel Kriz²  Antonin Dolan²  Pavel Olsan²  Petr Bartos²  Radim Kunes²  Pavel Cerny²  Radim Stehlik² 

[1] College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China;Department of Agricultural Machinery and Services, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 1668, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;

关键词: Innova 1412;    NH₃;    welfare;    microclimatic conditions;    livestock;    environment;   

DOI  :  10.3390/agriculture11111073

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Determination of ammonia (NH₃) emissions for intensive livestock facilities (pork, poultry) is important from both a regulatory and a research point of view. Buildings housing livestock are a large source of ammonia emissions from the agriculture sector. However, measurements to determine emissions can be time-consuming and costly. Therefore, it is essential to find a suitable methodology for monitoring NH₃. The methodology for determining NH₃ emissions is legislatively unified in terms of sampling methodology, including sampling time (24 h), sampling points (input/output), number of sampling days, and their distribution during the year, and to determine only a general calculation of the annual average NH₃ emissions. For this reason, the researchers chose different approaches for the calculation of NH₃ emissions, and these approaches are not unified. Based on accurate monitoring and created models, the authors proposed a methodology for calculation of NH₃ emissions, which divides the 24 h measurement into time windows (30 min), from which the arithmetic mean and standard deviation are determined, and the total emissions for one year is determined. The chosen time windows for the partial calculation are important from the point of view of reflecting the microclimatic conditions inside the stable and the device limits for sampling the NH₃ concentration and airflow.

【 授权许可】

Unknown