Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Valentina A. Juncos¹  Trudy M. Wassenaar²  Kurt Zimmermann³ 

[1] Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72209, USA;Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany;Symbiopharm GmbH, 35745 Herborn, Germany;

关键词: gut–lung axis;    gut microbiome;    coronary heart disease;    COVID-19;    probiotics;    short-chain fatty acids;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22189700

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The importance of a healthy microbiome cannot be overemphasized. Disturbances in its composition can lead to a variety of symptoms that can extend to other organs. Likewise, acute or chronic conditions in other organs can affect the composition and physiology of the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss interorgan communication along the gut–lung axis, as well as interactions between lung and coronary heart diseases and between cardiovascular disease and the gut microbiome. This triangle of organs, which also affects the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections, is connected by means of numerous receptors and effectors, including immune cells and immune-modulating factors such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethlamine–N–oxide (TMAO). The gut microbiome plays an important role in each of these, thus affecting the health of the lungs and the heart, and this interplay occurs in both directions. The gut microbiome can be influenced by the oral uptake of probiotics. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for interorgan communication, we can start to define what requirements an ‘ideal’ probiotic should have and its role in this triangle.

【 授权许可】

Unknown