Cellular Carcinogenesis: Role of Polarized Macrophages in Cancer Initiation

Cancers

Ram Babu Undi¹  Mark M. Huycke¹  Adrian Filiberti¹  Naushad Ali² 

[1]Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

[2]Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

关键词: carcinogenesis;    macrophage activation;    parainflammation;    inflammaging;    DNA damage;    mutation;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers14112811

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Inflammation is an essential hallmark of cancer. Macrophages are key innate immune effector cells in chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Parainflammation is a form of subclinical inflammation associated with a persistent DNA damage response. Inflammaging represents low-grade inflammation due to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses that occur with aging. Whether induced by infection, injury, or aging, immune dysregulation and chronic macrophage polarization contributes to cancer initiation through the production of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and genotoxins and by modulating immune surveillance. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical evidence for polarized macrophages as endogenous cellular carcinogens in the context of chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Emerging strategies for cancer prevention, including small molecule inhibitors and probiotic approaches, that target macrophage function and phenotype are also discussed.

【 授权许可】

Unknown