Past, Present and Future Anti-Obesity Effects of Flavin-Containing and/or Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase Inhibitors

Medicines

Alice Chaplin¹  Josep Mercader²  Christian Carpéné³  Nathalie Boulet³ 

[1] Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France;

关键词: adipose tissue;    obesity;    amine oxidase;    food intake;    energy balance;    phenelzine;    semicarbazide;   

DOI  :  10.3390/medicines6010009

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background: Two classes of amine oxidases are found in mammals: those with a flavin adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor, such as monoamine oxidases (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylases (LSD), and those with copper as a cofactor, including copper-containing amine oxidases (AOC) and lysyl oxidases (LOX). All are expressed in adipose tissue, including a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1) strongly present on the adipocyte surface. Methods: Previously, irreversible MAO inhibitors have been reported to limit food intake and/or fat extension in rodents; however, their use for the treatment of depressed patients has not revealed a clear anti-obesity action. Semicarbazide and other molecules inhibiting SSAO/VAP-1 also reduce adiposity in obese rodents. Results: Recently, a LOX inhibitor and a subtype-selective MAO inhibitor have been shown to limit fattening in high-fat diet-fed rats. Phenelzine, which inhibits MAO and AOC, limits adipogenesis in cultured preadipocytes and impairs lipogenesis in mature adipocytes. When tested in rats or mice, phenelzine reduces food intake and/or fat accumulation without cardiac adverse effects. Novel amine oxidase inhibitors have been recently characterized in a quest for promising anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer approaches; however, their capacity to mitigate obesity has not been studied so far. Conclusions: The present review of the diverse effects of amine oxidase inhibitors impairing adipocyte differentiation or limiting excessive fat accumulation indicates that further studies are needed to reveal their potential anti-obesity properties.

【 授权许可】

Unknown