Microbes as Master Immunomodulators: Immunopathology, Cancer and Personalized Immunotherapies

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Antonio Beltrán¹  Mireia Castillo-Martin¹  Carlos Carvalho²  Nuno Figueiredo²  Alimuddin Zumla³  Georgia Paraschoudi⁴  Markus Maeurer⁴  Joana R. Lérias⁴  Martin Rao⁴  Carolina Condeço⁴  Eric de Sousa⁴  João Martins⁴  Dário Ligeiro⁵  Ernest Dodoo⁶ 

[1] Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal;Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal;Division of Infection and Immunity, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom;ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal;Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal;University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;

关键词: pathogens;    microbiota;    inflammation;    neoplasia;    immune responses;    antibodies;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcell.2019.00362

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The intricate interplay between the immune system and microbes is an essential part of the physiological homeostasis in health and disease. Immunological recognition of commensal microbes, such as bacterial species resident in the gut or lung as well as dormant viral species, i.e., cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in combination with a balanced immune regulation, is central to achieve immune-protection. Emerging evidence suggests that immune responses primed to guard against commensal microbes may cause unexpected pathological outcomes, e.g., chronic inflammation and/or malignant transformation. Furthermore, translocation of immune cells from one anatomical compartment to another, i.e., the gut-lung axis via the lymphatics or blood has been identified as an important factor in perpetrating systemic inflammation, tissue destruction, as well as modulating host-protective immune responses. We present in this review immune response patterns to pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic microbes and how these immune-recognition profiles affect local immune responses or malignant transformation. We discuss personalized immunological therapies which, directly or indirectly, target host biological pathways modulated by antimicrobial immune responses.

【 授权许可】

Unknown