L’Etat au Proche-Orient arabe entre communautarisme, clientélisme, mondialisation et projet de Grand Moyen Orient

L'Espace Politique

卷:11

关键词: Middle East;    Syria;    Lebanon;    Jordan;    communitarianism;    clientelism;   

DOI  :  10.4000/espacepolitique.1619

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In The Middle East broke, the Lebanese historian Georges Corm, explains that this region is in a historical process of State fragmentation. Lebanon is the best example of this phenomenon. The Lebanese state has disappeared during the civil war (1975-1990) for the benefit of militias to reappear under foreign control in the early 1990’s. But the territorial fragmentation on community bases and clan is a powerful reality that the "reconstruction” of Lebanon has failed to remove. Syria appears like a strong central state, exempt for community problems. This view is misleading because the community cleavages exist. They are just hidden by the Baathist regime, which masks his Alawite character by official communitarianism negation. But Alawite support is necessary for Bashar El Assad regime. Today, the Alawite community no longer enjoys the same privileges as in the past. The economic integration of Syria in the sphere of the Arab Gulf is more beneficial to the Sunni bourgeoisie to which Bashar El Assad regime multiply openings. In Jordan, ethnic homogeneity seems to protect the country from community-based fragmentation but not the rise of an Islamist opposition that local governments invested. In the three countries which relate specifically to this study, the state action is increasingly reduced by the permanent modes of community organization who formally expressed in Lebanon, Syria and informally in Jordan and by economic globalization. Eventually this internal withering of the State and the American project of Greater Middle East may lead to territorial partition.

【 授权许可】

Unknown