Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

卷:22

Mi-Kyung Sung¹  Sung-Eun Kim¹  Ji-Won Heo¹ 

[1] Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;

关键词: sex;    obesity;    estrogen;    esophageal cancer;    liver cancer;    colorectal cancer;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22031253

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million people estimated to have died of cancer in 2018. Excess body fat deposition is a risk factor for many types of cancer. Men and women exhibit differences in body fat distribution and energy homeostasis regulation. This systematic review aimed to understand why sex disparities in obesity are associated with sex differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. Cancers of the esophagus, liver, and colon are representative gastrointestinal cancers, and obesity is a convincing risk factor for their development. Numerous epidemiological studies have found sex differences in the incidence of esophageal, liver, and colorectal cancers. We suggest that these sexual disparities are partly explained by the availability of estrogens and other genetic factors regulating inflammation, cell growth, and apoptosis. Sex differences in gut microbiota composition may contribute to differences in the incidence and phenotype of colorectal cancer. To establish successful practices in personalized nutrition and medicine, one should be aware of the sex differences in the pathophysiology and associated mechanisms of cancer development.

【 授权许可】

Unknown