Acute Infection of Viral Pathogens and Their Innate Immune Escape

Frontiers in Microbiology

卷:12

Ji-Long Chen¹  Mohamed Maarouf¹  Yuhai Chen¹  Kul Raj Rai²  Bincai Yang²  Prasha Shrestha²  Shasha Liu² 

[1] CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China;

[2] Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;

关键词: viral pathogens;    acute infection;    innate immunity;    innate immune escape;    non-structural protein;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2021.672026

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Viral infections can cause rampant disease in human beings, ranging from mild to acute, that can often be fatal unless resolved. An acute viral infection is characterized by sudden or rapid onset of disease, which can be resolved quickly by robust innate immune responses exerted by the host or, instead, may kill the host. Immediately after viral infection, elements of innate immunity, such as physical barriers, various phagocytic cells, group of cytokines, interferons (IFNs), and IFN-stimulated genes, provide the first line of defense for viral clearance. Innate immunity not only plays a critical role in rapid viral clearance but can also lead to disease progression through immune-mediated host tissue injury. Although elements of antiviral innate immunity are armed to counter the viral invasion, viruses have evolved various strategies to escape host immune surveillance to establish successful infections. Understanding complex mechanisms underlying the interaction between viruses and host’s innate immune system would help develop rational treatment strategies for acute viral infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of acute infections caused by viral pathogens and highlight broad immune escape strategies exhibited by viruses.

【 授权许可】

Unknown