Application of decellularized bone matrix as a bioscaffold in bone tissue engineering

Journal of Biological Engineering

Nosratollah Zarghami¹  Mehdi Dadashpour²  Halimeh Amirazad³ 

[1] Deparment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin Universioty, Istanbul, Turkey;Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran;Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran;Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;

关键词: Decellularized extracellular matrix;    Bioscaffold;    Tissue engineering;    Bone regeneration;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13036-021-00282-5

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Autologous bone grafts are commonly used as the gold standard to repair and regenerate diseased bones. However, they are strongly associated with postoperative complications, especially at the donor site, and increased surgical costs. In an effort to overcome these limitations, tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed as an alternative to promote bone repair. The successful outcome of tissue engineering depends on the microstructure and composition of the materials used as scaffold. Decellularized bone matrix-based biomaterials have been applied as bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering. These biomaterials play an important role in providing the mechanical and physical microenvironment needed by cells to proliferate and survive. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be used as a powder, hydrogel and electrospun scaffolds. These bioscaffolds mimic the native microenvironment due to their structure similar to the original tissue. The aim of this review is to highlight the bone decellularization techniques. Herein we discuss: (1) bone structure; (2) properties of an ideal scaffold; (3) the potential of decellularized bone as bioscaffolds; (4) terminal sterilization of decellularized bone; (5) cell removing confirmation in decellularized tissues; and (6) post decellularization procedures. Finally, the improvement of bone formation by dECM and the immunogenicity aspect of using the decellularized bone matrix are presented, to illustrate how novel dECM-based materials can be used as bioscaffold in tissue engineering. A comprehensive understanding of tissue engineering may allow for better incorporation of therapeutic approaches in bone defects allowing for bone repair and regeneration.

【 授权许可】

CC BY