Roles of Macrophages and Exosomes in Liver Diseases

Frontiers in Medicine

article

Mengyi Shen¹  Yi Shen¹  Xiaoli Fan¹  Ruoting Men¹  Tinghong Ye²  Li Yang¹ 

[1] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University;Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University

关键词: macrophages;    exosomes;    hepatitis virus;    alcoholic liver disease;    non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;    acute liver failure;    hepatocellular carcinoma;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2020.583691

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Exosomes are small discoid extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from endosomes that are 30–150 nm in diameter and have a double lipid layer. They participate in the immune response, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumor invasion and mediate intercellular communication, regulating the biological activity of receptor cells through the proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that they carry. Exosomes also play vital roles in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Macrophages, which show unique phenotypes and functions in complex microenvironments, can be divided into M1 and M2 subtypes. M1 macrophages function in immune surveillance, and M2 macrophages downregulate the immune response. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that liver diseases are associated with exosomes derived from or transferred to macrophages. This review focuses on the participation of macrophages and exosomes in liver diseases.

【 授权许可】

CC BY