Extracellular Vesicles in NAFLD/ALD: From Pathobiology to Therapy

Cells

Ainhoa Lapitz¹  JesúsM. Bañales¹  JuanPablo Arab²  Alejandra Hernández²  Marco Arrese²  Daniela Reyes²  Han Moshage³ 

[1] Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Santiago, Chile 8330077;Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;

关键词: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;    fatty liver;    alcoholic liver disease;    extracellular vesicles;    signaling;    exosomes;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cells9040817

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In recent years, knowledge on the biology and pathobiology of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has exploded. EVs are submicron membrane-bound structures secreted from different cell types containing a wide variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (coding and non-coding RNA) and mitochondrial DNA). EVs have important functions in cell-to-cell communication and are found in a wide variety of tissues and body fluids. Better delineation of EV structures and advances in the isolation and characterization of their cargo have allowed the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these particles to be explored. In the field of liver diseases, EVs are emerging as key players in the pathogenesis of both nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, and their complications, including development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In these diseases, stressed/damaged hepatocytes release large quantities of EVs that contribute to the occurrence of inflammation, fibrogenesis, and angiogenesis, which are key pathobiological processes in liver disease progression. Moreover, the specific molecular signatures of released EVs in biofluids have allowed EVs to be considered as promising candidates to serve as disease biomarkers. Additionally, different experimental studies have shown that EVs may have potential for therapeutic use as a liver-specific delivery method of different agents, taking advantage of their hepatocellular uptake through interactions with specific receptors. In this review, we focused on the most recent findings concerning the role of EVs as new structures mediating autocrine and paracrine intercellular communication in both ALD and NAFLD, as well as their potential use as biomarkers of disease severity and progression. Emerging therapeutic applications of EVs in these liver diseases were also examined, along with the potential for successful transition from bench to clinic.

【 授权许可】

Unknown